SOFTWARE INFO

Grading of fine aggregate   Apparatus and materials 1.       I.S. sieve of size 4.75mm, 2.36mm, 1.18mm, 600μ, 300μ and 150μ . 2.       Coarse aggregate               3.       Vibrator The sizes between 4.75 mm to 150 micron are termed as fine aggregate. The river sand and crushed sand is used as fine aggregate conforming to the requirements of IS: 383. The river sand is washed and screened to eliminate deleterious materials and over size particles.    Procedure 1.       1 kg of coarse aggregates, arranged the set of IS sieves in order with the sieve size increasing to the top, and with pan at the bottom. 2.       Before the sieves analysis was performed the Aggregate sample has to be air dried in order to avoid lumps of fine particles and to prevent clogging of finer sieves. 3.       Sieving could be done either manually or mechanically. 4.       In the manual operation the sieve was shaken giving movements in all possible directi

       Grading of coarse aggregate    Apparatus and materials 1.       I.S. sieve of size 40mm, 20mm, 12.5mm, 10mm, 4.75mm, 2.36mm. 2.       Coarse aggregate 3.       Vibrator    Procedure 1.       5 kg of coarse aggregates, arranged the set of IS sieves in order with the sieve size increasing to the top, and with pan at the bottom. 2.       Before the sieves analysis was performed the Aggregate sample has to be air dried in order to avoid lumps of fine particles and to prevent clogging of finer sieves. 3.       Sieving could be done either manually or mechanically. 4.       In the manual operation the sieve was shaken giving movements in all possible directions to give chance to all particles for passing. 5.       Fineness modulus of coarse aggregate determined. 6.       Fineness modulus is defined as the sum of the cumulative % retained on the sieves of standard series divided by 100.

how to find specific gravity of fine aggregate Apparatus and material 1.       Pycnometer bottle 2.       Balance of accuracy 0.001g 3.       Vacuum source 4.       Fine aggregate    Procedure 1.         For fine aggregate particle size less than 4.75 mm 500 gram of sample taken. 2.       The pycnometer bottle should be well washed, cleaned, dried, and weighted accurately on sensitive balance. 3.       It should than be filled with water to the top of the hole, so that surface of Water in the hole is flat. 4.       The pycnometer than be dried on the outside & weighted accurately. 5.         About 500 grams of the above sample was transferred to the pycnometer & weighted. 6.       The pycnometer was filled with water and dry air entrapped in the aggregate was topped with water to the level or the hole in the cone as before and the entire front removed from the surface. 7.         The pycnometer was

specific gravity of coarse aggregate    Apparatus and materials 1.       Spring balance 2.       Weight balance 3.       Coarse aggregate of weight 2kg 4.       Bucket                       5.       Water tank 6.       Oven Procedure 1.       Aggregate not less than 2 kg was taken. It was carefully washed to eliminate the finer particles and dust. 2.       It was then positioned in a wire basket and deep in distilled water at a temperature between 22° to 32°C. 3.       Immediately after absorption, the entrapped air was removed from the sample by lifting the basket it 25 mm above the base of the tank and allowing it to drop 25 times at the rate of about one drop per sec. During the operation, caution was taken that the basket and aggregate remain completely immersed in water. 4.       They were kept in water for a period of 24 ± 1/2 hours afterwards. 5.       The basket and aggregate were then jolted and weighed (weigh

Specific gravity of cement The specific gravity of cement is the ratio of the weight of a given Volume of substance to the weight of an equal volume of water. It is a mere number and it denotes how many times a substance is heavy as water Specific gravity of substance=wt density of a substance/wt density of water To find the specific gravity of cement, it is required to find the weight of a certain volume cement and the weight of an equal volume of water.  As cement reacts with water its specific gravity is determined with reference to a non reactive liquid like kerosene Specific gravity of cement with respect to kerosene=wt of cement/wt of an equal volume of kerosene To find the specific gravity of kerosene with respect to water=wt of kerosene/wt of equal volume of water The specific gravity of cement is the calculation by multiplying specific gravity of cement with respect to kerosene with specific gravity of kerosene with respect to water Procedure 1.    Clean dry an

marsh cone test for passing ability of mortar As per thesis methodology the optimum content of super plasticizer was found out by marsh cone test for different water powder ratio. The Marsh funnel is a apparatus shown in figure below use to find out the viscosity of the fluid to pass out from nozzle shown below by measuring time for known volume of the paste. For water cement ratio 0.40 proportion mix was taken as 90% cement and 10% RHA was thoroughly mix. The slurry was made by the use of mortar mixer and 0.5 to 2% super plasticizer was added by weight. For the test slurry of 10% RHA blended with the cement and mixes homogeneously with the hand. The mixture is filled in in the mortar mixture pan as shown in figure required water is to be added as per decide water cement ratio and super plasticizer in different percentage. The slurry was screened by the 2.36 mm sieve. And filled the cone till its top level during this bottom whole should be block by finger. Set stop

Super plasticizer (SP) High-range water reducer, also known as super plasticizer, has made a breakthrough in concrete industry. It is an essential material component that must be used to produce SCC. The HRWRs improve the flowing ability of SCC by their liquefying and dispersing actions. They reduce the yield stress and plastic viscosity of concrete by their liquefying action and thus provide a good flowing ability in SCC. In addition, the HRWRs deflocculated the cement particles and free the trapped water by their dispersing action, and hence enhance the flowing ability of SCC. In dispersing action, the inter-particle friction and thus the flow resistance are also decreased, and therefore the flowing ability of concrete is improved. High-range water reducers can either increase the strength by lowering the quantity of mixing water for a given flowing ability, or reduce both cement and water contents to achieve a given strength and flowing ability. They contribute to

Rice husk ash Rice milling generates a byproduct know as husk. This surrounds the paddy grain. During milling of paddy about 78 % of weight is received as rice, broken rice and bran .Rest 22 % of the weight of paddy is received as husk. This husk is used as fuel in the rice mills to generate steam for the parboiling process. This husk contains about 75 % organic volatile matter and the balance 25 % of the weight of this husk is converted into ash during the firing process, is known as rice husk ash (RHA). This RHA in turn contains around 85 % - 90 % amorphous silica. So for every 1000 kgs of paddy milled, about 220 kgs (22 %) of husk is produced, and when this husk is burnt in the boilers, about 55 kgs (25 %) of RHA is generated. India is a major rice producing country, and the husk generated during milling is mostly used as a fuel in the boilers for processing paddy, producing energy through direct combustion and / or by gasification. About 20 million tons of RHA is

Levy and Collection of Central/State Goods and Services Tax  (1) There shall be levied a tax called the Central/State Goods and Services Tax (CGST/SGST) on all intra-State supplies of goods and/or services at the rate specified in the Schedule . . . to this Act and collected in such manner as may be prescribed.  (2) The CGST/SGST shall be paid by every taxable person in accordance with the provisions of this Act.  (3) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (2), the Central or a State Government may, on the recommendation of the Council, by notification, specify categories of supply of goods and/or services the tax on which is payable on reverse charge basis and the tax thereon shall be paid by the person receiving such goods and/or services and all the provisions of this Act shall apply to such person as if he is the person liable for paying the tax in relation to such goods and/or services. Composition Levy (1) Notwithstanding anything to the contra